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The report assesses residual risks associated with a lahar (fluid and debris flow event) generated on Ruapehu, a volcanic mountain in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand. It was undertaken for the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management in 2002 and addresses response and management issues arising from the range of possible lahar flow scenarios.

The Civil Defence Emergency Management Act (CDEM Act) 2002 came into effect on 1 December 2002. It replaced the Civil Defence Act 1983. Minor amendments to the Act were made in 2012.

Tephra is published by the Ministry to raise awareness and understanding of the major hazards we face in New Zealand, and address issues relevant to managing these hazards.

Impact is published quarterly by the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management on topics of interest to the civil defence emergency management sector. The aim is to share information and lessons, and to celebrate successes.

Role maps provide a complete picture of the skills, knowledge and attributes required to be successful and effective in a specific CDEM role.

Director's Guidelines provide guidance and advice on how a function defined by legislation or national planning arrangements should be performed.

Best Practice Guides supplement the CDEM Act, Regulations and Director's Guidelines. They are informative in nature, not being issued under the Act's authority. They serve to provide information, current best practice examples and advice on how to carry out a range of CDEM tasks and are usually developed in partnership with a range of agencies.

These documents outline specific CDEM functions or activities. They are issued under section 115(e) of the CDEM Act 2002.